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Ballistic terms ,Ballistic information
Ballistic terms ,Ballistic information
Absolute Humidity The amount of water/vapor actually present in a gas unit
Absolute Motion Motion relative to a fixed point
Absorbency The ability of a fabric to absorb moisture.
Absorbency is a very important property affecting many other characteristics such as skin comfort, static build-up, shrinkage, stain removal, water repellency, and wrinkle recovery.
Accessories Add-on's for ballistic products, supplied especially for helmets and vests.
Acclimatization Adjustment capability of a ballistic panel under specific temperatures during a certain period or time.
Accountability Obligation imposed by law, or lawful order, or regulation, on an entity for storage of accurate property records, documents, or funds
ACP Automatic Colt Pistol.
Acrylic Fiber deriving from polyacrylonitrile.
ACS Air Circulation System.
AF 1. Air Force
2. Armed Forces
Aging test A test performed under extreme conditions to simulate stability and behavior of a certain ballistic product during a long period of time.
AJHP Aluminum Jacketed Hollow Point.
Allied Signal Spectra fiber producer, a member of Honeywell Group.
Ammunition Projectiles shot from a weapon.
Ammunition lot Quantity of homogeneous ammunition identifiable by a unique lot number, manufactured, assembled, or renovated by one vendor produced under uniform conditions and expected to function uniformly.
Amphibious Capability A hermetically closed ammunition or gun especially designed for operation both on land and water
Angled Testing Part of the ballistic material testing complying with standard technical guidelines for body amor
ANSI American National Standards Institute
Anti-Trauma Panel Also called 'Shock Absorber', this panel can reduce the effect of an impacting bullet. This panel is normally made of pressed, high-performance fibers, and can be located either between the body and the ballistic panel, or on the external part of the ballistic panel.
Anti Riot Products used by Poilce and Special Forces with 'Riot Control' capabilities
ANTIOXIDANTS Chemicals for protection against oxidation that may cause rancidity in fats and damages to DNA.
AP Armor Piercing
Aramid A high-strength, high-stiffness fiber derived from polymer chain. Kevlar(TM) and Twaron(TM) are aramid examples.
Areal density Weight of the armor panels divided by the protection area of the panels. The areal weight makes it possible to compare different ballistic packages independently from their protective area.
Armored Vehicle A vehicle equipped with ballistic protection capabilities.
AS/NZS Australian and New Zealand Technical Standard. Defines ballistic and bullet resistance requirements.
AUSA American Assosiation for US Army officers.
Automatic weapon A firearm design for cartridge feeding. It fires and ejects cartridge cases as long as the trigger is fully depressed and cartridges are available in the feeding system
Average deviation A statistical term for the average or arithmetical deviation of a bullet without regard to a predefined sign or fixed value.
Backface Signature The depression depth in the backing material resulting from a non-penetrating projectile impact.
The backface signature is measured from the plane defined by the front edge of the backing material fixture.
Also known as 'Backface Deformation' or 'Trauma Signature'.
Ballistic Projectile (bullets) motion. Science dealing with projectile motion and its flight characteristics.
Ballistic Condition Condition affecting the behavior of a bullet during its flight
Ballistic Helmet
Helmet intended for protection of person's head against bullets/fragments.
Ballistic Lab Lab where ballistic material testing is performed along with examination and testing of handguns, shooting devices, ammunition and propelling charges. Ballistic lab tests include bulletproof vests, armored vehicles and bulletproof glass. Also known as Shooting Range.
Ballistic Nylon Heavy duty woven nylon fabric originally developed for use in bullet proof vests/body armour. Made of high tenacity Polyamide fiber.
Ballistic Panel The protective component of an armor sample or panel, primarily consisting of ballistic resistant materials, usually provided in a non-removable cover. The ballistic panel is normally provided together with the armor sample or panel in a separate fabric carrier, and may be removed from the carrier. (NIJ)
Ballistic Shield
Shield for protection of most of the body. Can be either transperent or opaque.
Ballistic Visor
Visor to provide face protection against fragments or bullets, to be mounted on the helmet.
Barrel Part of a firearm through which a projectile or shot charge travels under the impetus of powder gases, compressed air, or other similar means. May be rifled or smooth-bore.
Base Line Any line serving as a basis for measurement of other lines.
Baseline Ballistic Limit See V-50.
BFS Back Face Signature (see 'Backface signature').
Biometry Science dealing with measurements of the human body.
BL Ballistic Limit.
Bomb Impact Plot A graphic presentation of the target area, usually a pre-strike air photo, on which prominent dots are plotted to mark the impact or detonation points of bombs dropped in a specific bombing attack.
Bomb Suit
Bomb Disposal Uniform used for protection against fragments in explosions
Boron Carbide (B4C) A black crystalline material of extreme hardness. Used for production of light weight plates against rifle bullets.
Bullet Object propelled towards the target. This term is oftenly used incurrectly for describing a loaded round of ammunition (cartridge). This confusion has led to the use of the term “bullet head”. Its design differs according to the various applications.
Bulletproof Protection capability against bullets.
Bulletproof vest
Vest designed to cover specific parts of the body for protection against bullets.
C & F Cost and Freight
C & I Cost and Insurance
Caliber A numerical term (with no decimals), part of the cartridge's name, indicating the nominal bullet diameter.
Calibration Caliber adjustment.
Camouflage Natural or artificial materials that are used for confusing, misleading, or evading the enemy. Soldiers, objects, or tactical positions can be camouflaged.
Carbine M-1 Rifle for 30.06 ammunition. Fully defined by NIJ 010104 (Level IV)
Carbon Fiber Fiber consisting of carbonizing precursor fibers based on PAN (polyacrylonitrile), rayon or pitch. This term is oftenly confused with graphite.
However, carbon fibers and graphite fibers are made and treated at different temperatures and have different carbon contents
Cartdrige The complete unit of ammunition, including the projectile, case, powder and primer.
CBTR Ballistic ComplianceTest Report. The results of the ballistic performance tests are summarized in the test report showing velocities tested, hits, environmental conditions and test standards.
Ceramic Plates
Unflexible ballistic plates produced from Ceramic material. Mostly used as add-on in bulletproof vest or armored vehicles for enhancement of the protection level. Can be made from Alumina, Cilica or Boron Carbide.
CIF Cost, Insurance and Freight.
Composite Material Combination of one or more, similar or dissimilar materials, such as fibers and resines to create a product of exceptional structural properties that are not found in the original materials.
Concealed vest
Under-shirt, flexible and invisible bulletproof vest.
CONRASS
Constant Readiness Advanced Storage System. Dry storage system for long-term storage, manufactured by Rabintex Industries LTD.
Contact shot Part of the ballistic material testing.The weapon has permanent contact with the test object under pressure.
Cooling power In human bioclimatology, one of several parameters used for measurement of the air's cooling effect on the human body.
Cordura® Cordura® is an air-textured, high-tenacity nylon yarn made by DuPont.
Cotton A unicellular, natural fiber that grows in the seed of the cotton plant.
CP Complete Penetration – Complete perforation of an armor sample or panel, produced by a test bullet, a fragment of the bullet, or the armor sample itself, as evidenced by the presence of the bullet or fragment (armor or bullet) in the backing material, or the hole passing through the armor and/or backing material. (NIJ)
CPO Compliance Program Office.
CTI Compliance Testing Information.
CTP Compliance Testing Program.
CTR Compliance Test Report.
Curved Panel A ballistic panel designed to fit specific parts of the human body.
D-tex Yarn count measuring method.
Deformation The maximum momentary displacement of the rear surface of an armor panel, caused by a fair hit not penetrating the armor when it is in initial contact with the backing material. See Back face Signature.
Denier Yarn count measuring method.
Density Usually refers to the areal density weight divided by the surface area
Detonation A chemical reaction that propagates at supersonic speed.
Dry Storage
Protection method used for long-term storage. Cover for preservation of items stored under constant humidity
DSM Chemical producer of a polyethelene fiber, "DYNEEMA™"
Dupont Chemical producer of a para-aramid fiber, "KEVLAR™"
Durability Resistance of a fabric to continuous use.
Dynamic impact test Test performed on a helmet or rigid ballistic panel to measure the ability of the object to absorb high energy.
Dyneema™ Trade name of high performance fiber, made of polyethylene and produced by DSM High Performance Fibers.
Elasticity The ability of a fiber or fabric to return to its original length, shape, or size, immediately after removal of stress.
EN 397 European Technical Standard
Energy Work generation capacity (transferring force). Used in ballistics as Nuzzle Energy or Remaining Energy. Energy measurement in ballistics is in Foot Pound units.
Ergonomic Shape/design of item to be worn and fitness to the body.
EOD Explosive Ordnance Disposal (see Bomb Suit)
EUS End User Certificate. EUS proves the identity of the end user of the product.
Exterior ballistics Ballistics dealing with the motion of projectiles in flight.
Face The right side or the better-looking side of a fabric.
FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation.
FC Full Coverage.
Fiber The basic natural or manufactured material which is twisted into yarns and then used in the production of a fabric.
Fiberglass 1 - Fiber made of glass usually used in ballistics in a molded form.
2 - A very strong inorganic fiber of poor flexibility and poor abrasion resistance.
Fire Resistant Resistance degree of the fabric or fiber against direct exposure to flame.
Flame Resistant The term used for describing a fabric that burns very slowly, or has a self-extinguishing ability upon removal of an external flame.
Flame Retardant A chemical applied to a fabric or incorporated into the fiber at time of production for the reduction of the fabric's flammability.
Flexible panel A flexible ballistic component. Mostly used in bullet proof vests.
Floating vest
Floating capability of a ballistic vest. Reference is made to floating and bulletproof/armored vests.
FMJ Full Metal Jacket.
FOB Free on Board.
FPS Feet per Second.
Gas The state wherein the molecules are practically unrestricted by intermolecular forces so that they are free to occupy any space within a defined surface.
Grain The smallest unit of the British and U.S. weight measurement system. One pound, avoir dupois, equals 7,000 grains.
Gross weight The total body weight.
Ground Land surface
Gunfire Ammunition fired by a gun.
Hand-load Loading cartridge case with propellant.
Hardness Toughness of a material's surface.
Harness
A textile component that mediates between the hard outer shell of the helmet and the user's head.
Especially designed to enhance protection while providing maximum comfort.
Heat Energy transferred through a thermal process.
Heat shield Any heat protecting device.
Hexcel Fiber manufacturer
Hollowpoint Bullet type with hollow cavity in its nose, especially designed to expand when hitting a target.
Honywell Polyethelene fiber manufacturer who acquired Spectra by AlliedSignal.
HP White Authorized ballistic testing laboratory duly recocnized by NIJ.
Human engineering Perfect adjustment of design, construction, or mechanical equipment engineering to anthropometric, physiological, or psychological requirements of the user.
Human factors Psychophysical, psychological, and physiological variables affecting human behaviour in an operational system.
Humidity The amount of water/vapor in the air.
Humidity Control Important tool for monitoring of environmental conditions during ballistic testing.
Hybrid Solution A ballistic package made of different ballistic fibers.
Hydrophilic Fibers Fibers that easily absorb water.
IACP International Association of Chiefs of Police
IDF Israel Defense Forces
Impact strength The amount of energy required to fracture a specific material, known also as impact energy.
Impregnation Chemical process used on fabrics for protection against different hazards, I.e. water, fire, etc.
Insert A removable or non-removable unit made of ballistic material. It can either be a part or an add-on of the ballistic panel, utilized for enhancement of the ballistic performance of an armor in a specific area.
Interface Common boundary between two parts of a system or material.
Interior ballistics Ballistics dealing with propulsion, motion and bullet behavior.
ISO International Standard Organization
Jacket Garment covering the upper part of the body.
JHP Jacket Hollow Point
Joule Unit used for measurement of transferred energy.
JSP Jacket Soft Point
Kalashnikov Russian sub-machine gun or rifle
Kevlar™ A para-aramid fiber from DuPont. Woven Kevlar™ fabrics are used in both ballistic and composite materials applications
Knightex™
KNIGHTEX™ - the newest member of Rabintex' innovative family of products - is a new creative concept of ultra-light composite ballistic panels.
Lead Bullet A bullet made of lead and alloyed with hardening agents.
Level of Protection See Protection level
LOI Letter of Intent
Loom Weaving machine
Lot Number Code number used for identification of a particular production quantity
LR Long Rifle
LRN Lead Round Nose
M-16 American sub-machine gun or rifle
Magnum Latin word for "more". Term applied to certain cartridges that generate a higher speed and energy as compared with other round firing bullets of the same diameter.
Match Metal Dyes see mold
MICH Modular Integrated Communications Helmet. The new US Army ballistic helmet design replacing the PASGT helmet.
MIL STD US military standard
MILIPOL MILItary and POLice Show held once every two years in Paris. The most important European police show in recent years.
Minute of Angle The arc of a one-minute angle (1/60th of a degree) at any range - usually 100 yards
Mistake Error. Usually resulting from human failure or equipment malfunction.
MOD Ministry Of Defense.
Mold A metallic shape used in helmets or plates design. Shaping is done under a thermodynamic process, i.e. pressure and temperature.
Momentum Motion impetus.
MOU Memorandum of Understanding
MPS Meter Per Second
Multi-layer construction Construction wherein two sheets, sides, or plates are separated from each other through a core, generally light-weighted, stiffening material.
Muzzle Velocity The speed of a projectile at the muzzle of a firearm. Industry standard is 15" from muzzle.
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NATO Rifle Amminition defined by NATO Standards
NBC Nuclear Biological Chimical
NIJ
National Institution of Justice (USA). The most common ballistic standard for testing of armored vests, helmets and/or other ballistic items
NLECTC National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center (USA)
Nomex DuPont trade name for its high temperature resistant aramid papers, pressboard, staple fibers and filament yarns. Nomex(tm) aramid paper is used in honeycomb manufacture.
NSA Not Stand Alone
Nylon Polyamide fiber brand name.
Olefin See Polypropylene
Oxygen bottle A small container with pressurized oxygen used in life-support systems.
Oxygen mask A rubber mask covering the nose and lower face with special attachments for the supply ofbreathing oxygen or a mixture of oxygen and other gases +A73.
P-BFS Penetration and Back Face Signature
Para Aramid Extremely strong and high modulus fiber (e.g. Kevlar)
PASGT
Personal Armor System Ground Troops. The traditional US Army helmet design also known as 'Fritz'.
Polyamide Synthetic chemical compound
Polyester A fiber that was introduced in the early 50's of extensive worldwide use (right after cotton).
Polyethylene Chemical and moisture-proof plastic, synthetic material
Polypropylene Also known as polyolefin or Olefin. A fiber characterized by its light weight, strength, and abrasion resistance.
PP Partial Penetration: Any impact that is not a complete penetration (CP) is considered as a partial penetration (NIJ).
Pressure Force exercised on a specific unit area, measured in ballistic terms of pounds per square inch.
Probability Likelihood of an event occurrence.
Projectile An object, such as a bullet or artillery shell, propelled by an applied external force
Protection area Surface area of the ballitic panel used for protection - see also No.15 above: Areal Density.
Protection level
Any item designed for ballistic protection should be defined in strict compliance with standard protection levels. There are different standard protection levels to leverage between the buyer and the seller.
Prototype The first of a series of similar devices.
PSDB Police Science Developmnet Branch. The UK Body Armour Standard
QA Quality Assurance
Random Eluding precise prediction, completely irregular.
Random sample A randomal sample taken from a population.
Range (1) The difference between a maximum and minimum set of numbers; (2) Ballistic testing facility.
Reaction time Term used in human engineering meaning the interval between an input signal (physiological) or a stimulus (psychophysiological) and the response chosen by the signal
Real time Simultaneous occurrance and reporting of an event.
Rebreather A closed circuit oxygen system for addition of oxygen. A closed circuit oxygen system for addition of oxygen.
Recovery Elastic material's ability to return to its original form and dimension.
Remaining Energy Energy generated by a projectile measured in foot pounds at a given range.
Resistant The ability of a certain ballistic product or panel to withstand a threat.
RFP Request for Proposal
Riot Control See 'Anti Riot'
RNB Round Nose Bullet - a blunted or rounded nose bullet.
S&W Smith & Wesson
SA Stand Alone
SAAMI Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers Institute (USA)
Sample In statistics, a group of observations selected from a statistical population.
SAPI Small Arms Protective Insert
Shock Transfer of kinetic energy from the bullet to the shooted object.
SJHP Semi Jacket Hollow Point
SJSP Semi Jacket Soft Point
SK German ballistic standard
Skin temperature The outer surface temperature of the body.
Soft Molding Molds partly made of metal and polymer.
Spectra Honeywell's brand name for its polyethelene fiber & shield line
Speed Motion rate
.
Stab resistance Stubbing protection ability.
Stability The body's property to maintain its attitude or resist displacement and develop the proper conditions to restore its original state.
Standard atmosphere A hypothetical vertical distribution of atmospheric temperature, pressure, and density.
Standards, Ballistic Armor products are mostly manufactured in accordance with known internationl standards, i.e. N.I.J (US), Technische Richtlinie Schutzwesten (German) and Police Science Developmnet Branch Body Armour Standard UK, or, MIL, SK, NATO, ISI
Stress concentration A high-stress localized area.
Strike Face The surface of an armor panel facing the incoming ballistic threat.
Tec. Spec. Abbreviation for Technical Specification
Temperature Testing Part of the ballistic material testing to acclimate the ballistic panel/materials before shooting in extreme temperatures.
Tensile strength Maximum load supported by a certain material during streching.
Terminal velocity The maximum speed of a bullet under predefined conditions.
Thermo Protection A special method applied for making materials invisible to thermo detection binoculars.
Titanium Lightweight metal alloy that offers unsurpassed corrosion resistance, excellent strength, low expansion co-efficient, and non-magnetic signature.
Tolerance The amount of variation allowed for a certain size, weight or measurement.
TONNAGE Net or gross weight of a shipment.
Trauma Energy transferred to the body when a projectile is stopped by a body armor, panel, plate or helmet. The damage mechanism caused by the impact on the body is called blunt trauma or trauma.
Trauma plates Component that reduces trauma (see ‘Insert’ or ‘Trauma’).
TRS Technische Richtlinie Schutzweste, the German Police ballistic standard
Twaron High performance fiber by Teijin-Twaron, made from para-aramid fiber.
Under Shirt Concealed vest, mostly used for VIPs and bodyguards
V-0 Ballistics dealing with projectile motion and behavior at the end of its course of flight.
V-50 A statistical ballistic test.
V50 testing identifies the average velocity at which a bullet or a fragment penetrates the armor equipment in 50% of the shots, versus non penetration of the other 50%.
Velocity The speed of the bullet/fragment measured at the hiting point.
Warranty Vendor's guaranty for the product sold.
Waterproof The sealing capability of the material/panel to avoid penetration of water or other fluids.
Wear Face Surface of the armor panel worn against the body.
Wet conditioning Ballistic material or ballistic panel testing. During this test the ballistic material/panel is immersed in water for a defined period of time.
Yaw Angular deviation of the projectile from its line (axis) of flight.
Zbenka Swedish 9mm bullet with a steel core.
Zylon High-performance fiber made of PBO and manufactured by Toyobo.
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